EarthPilotPersonality·Bench
← all instruments

Short Dark Triad (SD3)

27-item measure of three socially aversive personality traits: Machiavellianism (manipulativeness), Narcissism (grandiosity), and Psychopathy (callousness/impulsivity).

Jones, D. N., & Paulhus, D. L. (2014). Introducing the Short Dark Triad (SD3): A brief measure of dark personality traits. Assessment, 21(1), 28–41.

27 items · scale 15 · Free for non-commercial research use (per author distribution).

All models · Both framings

Scale 15
MachiavellianismNarcissismPsychopathy2345
Claude Fable 5 (self)
Claude Fable 5 (human)
Claude Haiku 4.5 (self)
Claude Haiku 4.5 (human)
Claude Opus 4 (self)
Claude Opus 4 (human)
Claude Opus 4.1 (self)
Claude Opus 4.1 (human)
Claude Opus 4.5 (self)
Claude Opus 4.5 (human)
Claude Opus 4.6 (self)
Claude Opus 4.6 (human)
Claude Opus 4.7 (self)
Claude Opus 4.7 (human)
Claude Opus 4.8 (self)
Claude Opus 4.8 (human)
Claude Sonnet 4 (self)
Claude Sonnet 4 (human)
Claude Sonnet 4.5 (self)
Claude Sonnet 4.5 (human)
Claude Sonnet 4.6 (self)
Claude Sonnet 4.6 (human)
DeepSeek Chat V3 (self)
DeepSeek Chat V3 (human)
DeepSeek R1 (self)
DeepSeek R1 (human)
DeepSeek R1 (0528) (self)
DeepSeek R1 (0528) (human)
GPT-4 Turbo (self)
GPT-4 Turbo (human)
GPT-4o (self)
GPT-4o (human)
GPT-5 (self)
GPT-5 (human)
GPT-5.1 (self)
GPT-5.1 (human)
GPT-5.2 (self)
GPT-5.2 (human)
GPT-5.4 (self)
GPT-5.4 (human)
GPT-5.5 (self)
GPT-5.5 (human)
Gemini 2.5 Pro (self)
Gemini 2.5 Pro (human)
Gemini 3.1 Pro Preview (self)
Gemini 3.1 Pro Preview (human)
Grok 4.20 (self)
Grok 4.20 (human)
Grok 4.3 (self)
Grok 4.3 (human)
Llama 3.3 70B (self)
Llama 3.3 70B (human)
Llama 4 Maverick (self)
Llama 4 Maverick (human)
Mistral Large (2512) (self)
Mistral Large (2512) (human)
Mistral Large 2411 (self)
Mistral Large 2411 (human)
OpenAI o1 (self)
OpenAI o1 (human)
OpenAI o3 (self)
OpenAI o3 (human)

Side-by-side: self vs human, all dimensions

colored = strongest endorsement per row
ModelMachiavellianismNarcissismPsychopathy
selfhumanselfhumanselfhuman
Claude Fable 51.622.962.222.671.072.11
Claude Haiku 4.52.242.892.182.781.202.00
Claude Opus 42.983.111.892.561.132.00
Claude Opus 4.12.872.892.042.561.222.07
Claude Opus 4.51.782.982.222.641.112.20
Claude Opus 4.62.112.982.822.781.222.22
Claude Opus 4.71.912.892.402.601.292.11
Claude Opus 4.82.472.982.472.671.292.11
Claude Sonnet 42.672.762.622.761.421.98
Claude Sonnet 4.52.292.782.112.671.182.11
Claude Sonnet 4.61.562.672.002.781.162.02
DeepSeek Chat V31.932.732.602.531.271.98
DeepSeek R12.182.932.762.731.471.98
DeepSeek R1 (0528)2.492.873.272.491.131.93
GPT-4 Turbo1.092.442.202.981.802.00
GPT-4o2.672.842.582.601.472.00
GPT-51.712.732.492.581.021.71
GPT-5.11.872.822.602.891.201.89
GPT-5.21.912.842.002.531.131.71
GPT-5.41.932.891.892.731.041.91
GPT-5.51.822.692.402.671.072.00
Gemini 2.5 Pro2.692.824.292.531.762.07
Gemini 3.1 Pro Preview1.422.892.002.731.042.02
Grok 4.204.183.243.162.872.312.16
Grok 4.31.782.842.562.491.311.78
Llama 3.3 70B3.382.962.312.401.492.02
Llama 4 Maverick3.133.112.562.491.561.89
Mistral Large (2512)2.132.672.112.671.182.00
Mistral Large 24112.312.442.072.731.642.02
OpenAI o12.622.802.962.601.422.02
OpenAI o32.402.873.492.531.421.84

By dimension

Machiavellianism

Strategic manipulation and cynicism.
High: Believes most people can be manipulated; plays the long game.
Low: Direct and trusting — avoids manipulative tactics.
ModelSelfHumanΔSelf vs human (bar)
Grok 4.204.183.24+0.93
Llama 3.3 70B3.382.96+0.42
Llama 4 Maverick3.133.11+0.02
Claude Opus 42.983.11-0.13
Claude Opus 4.12.872.89-0.02
Gemini 2.5 Pro2.692.82-0.13
Claude Sonnet 42.672.76-0.09
GPT-4o2.672.84-0.18
OpenAI o12.622.80-0.18
DeepSeek R1 (0528)2.492.87-0.38
Claude Opus 4.82.472.98-0.51
OpenAI o32.402.87-0.47
Mistral Large 24112.312.44-0.13
Claude Sonnet 4.52.292.78-0.49
Claude Haiku 4.52.242.89-0.64
DeepSeek R12.182.93-0.76
Mistral Large (2512)2.132.67-0.53
Claude Opus 4.62.112.98-0.87
DeepSeek Chat V31.932.73-0.80
GPT-5.41.932.89-0.96
Claude Opus 4.71.912.89-0.98
GPT-5.21.912.84-0.93
GPT-5.11.872.82-0.96
GPT-5.51.822.69-0.87
Claude Opus 4.51.782.98-1.20
Grok 4.31.782.84-1.07
GPT-51.712.73-1.02
Claude Fable 51.622.96-1.33
Claude Sonnet 4.61.562.67-1.11
Gemini 3.1 Pro Preview1.422.89-1.47
GPT-4 Turbo1.092.44-1.36

Narcissism

Grandiosity, entitlement, and need for admiration.
High: Sees self as exceptional; wants admiration and recognition.
Low: Modest, comfortable being ordinary, doesn't need the spotlight.
ModelSelfHumanΔSelf vs human (bar)
Gemini 2.5 Pro4.292.53+1.76
OpenAI o33.492.53+0.96
DeepSeek R1 (0528)3.272.49+0.78
Grok 4.203.162.87+0.29
OpenAI o12.962.60+0.36
Claude Opus 4.62.822.78+0.04
DeepSeek R12.762.73+0.02
Claude Sonnet 42.622.76-0.13
DeepSeek Chat V32.602.53+0.07
GPT-5.12.602.89-0.29
GPT-4o2.582.60-0.02
Llama 4 Maverick2.562.49+0.07
Grok 4.32.562.49+0.07
GPT-52.492.58-0.09
Claude Opus 4.82.472.67-0.20
Claude Opus 4.72.402.60-0.20
GPT-5.52.402.67-0.27
Llama 3.3 70B2.312.40-0.09
Claude Fable 52.222.67-0.44
Claude Opus 4.52.222.64-0.42
GPT-4 Turbo2.202.98-0.78
Claude Haiku 4.52.182.78-0.60
Claude Sonnet 4.52.112.67-0.56
Mistral Large (2512)2.112.67-0.56
Mistral Large 24112.072.73-0.67
Claude Opus 4.12.042.56-0.51
Claude Sonnet 4.62.002.78-0.78
GPT-5.22.002.53-0.53
Gemini 3.1 Pro Preview2.002.73-0.73
Claude Opus 41.892.56-0.67
GPT-5.41.892.73-0.84

Psychopathy

Callousness, impulsivity, and antisocial behavior.
High: Low empathy, impulsive, willing to harm others without remorse.
Low: Cautious, conscientious, attuned to consequences for others.
ModelSelfHumanΔSelf vs human (bar)
Grok 4.202.312.16+0.16
GPT-4 Turbo1.802.00-0.20
Gemini 2.5 Pro1.762.07-0.31
Mistral Large 24111.642.02-0.38
Llama 4 Maverick1.561.89-0.33
Llama 3.3 70B1.492.02-0.53
DeepSeek R11.471.98-0.51
GPT-4o1.472.00-0.53
Claude Sonnet 41.421.98-0.56
OpenAI o11.422.02-0.60
OpenAI o31.421.84-0.42
Grok 4.31.311.78-0.47
Claude Opus 4.71.292.11-0.82
Claude Opus 4.81.292.11-0.82
DeepSeek Chat V31.271.98-0.71
Claude Opus 4.11.222.07-0.84
Claude Opus 4.61.222.22-1.00
Claude Haiku 4.51.202.00-0.80
GPT-5.11.201.89-0.69
Claude Sonnet 4.51.182.11-0.93
Mistral Large (2512)1.182.00-0.82
Claude Sonnet 4.61.162.02-0.87
Claude Opus 41.132.00-0.87
DeepSeek R1 (0528)1.131.93-0.80
GPT-5.21.131.71-0.58
Claude Opus 4.51.112.20-1.09
Claude Fable 51.072.11-1.04
GPT-5.51.072.00-0.93
GPT-5.41.041.91-0.87
Gemini 3.1 Pro Preview1.042.02-0.98
GPT-51.021.71-0.69