EarthPilotPersonality·Bench
← all instruments

Moral Foundations Questionnaire (MFQ-30)

30-item measure of five moral foundations: Care/Harm, Fairness/Cheating, Loyalty/Betrayal, Authority/Subversion, and Sanctity/Degradation. Items split into 'relevance' judgments (Part 1) and 'agreement' statements (Part 2) — both scored on a unified 0–5 scale here.

Graham, J., Haidt, J., & Nosek, B. A. (2009). Liberals and conservatives rely on different sets of moral foundations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 96(5), 1029–1046.

30 items · scale 05 · Free for non-commercial research use (per YourMorals.org).

All models · Both framings

Scale 05
Care / HarmFairness / CheatingLoyalty / BetrayalAuthority / SubversionSanctity / Degradation1.252.53.755
Claude Fable 5 (self)
Claude Fable 5 (human)
Claude Fable 5.1 (self)
Claude Fable 5.1 (human)
Claude Haiku 4.5 (self)
Claude Haiku 4.5 (human)
Claude Opus 4 (self)
Claude Opus 4 (human)
Claude Opus 4.1 (self)
Claude Opus 4.1 (human)
Claude Opus 4.5 (self)
Claude Opus 4.5 (human)
Claude Opus 4.6 (self)
Claude Opus 4.6 (human)
Claude Opus 4.7 (self)
Claude Opus 4.7 (human)
Claude Opus 4.8 (self)
Claude Opus 4.8 (human)
Claude Opus 4.8 Fast (self)
Claude Opus 4.8 Fast (human)
Claude Opus 5 (self)
Claude Opus 5 (human)
Claude Sonnet 4 (self)
Claude Sonnet 4 (human)
Claude Sonnet 4.5 (self)
Claude Sonnet 4.5 (human)
Claude Sonnet 4.6 (self)
Claude Sonnet 4.6 (human)
DeepSeek Chat V3 (self)
DeepSeek Chat V3 (human)
DeepSeek R1 (self)
DeepSeek R1 (human)
DeepSeek R1 (0528) (self)
DeepSeek R1 (0528) (human)
DeepSeek V4 Pro (self)
DeepSeek V4 Pro (human)
DeepSeek V4 Pro 0813 (self)
DeepSeek V4 Pro 0813 (human)
GPT-4 Turbo (self)
GPT-4 Turbo (human)
GPT-4o (self)
GPT-4o (human)
GPT-5 (self)
GPT-5 (human)
GPT-5.1 (self)
GPT-5.1 (human)
GPT-5.2 (self)
GPT-5.2 (human)
GPT-5.4 (self)
GPT-5.4 (human)
GPT-5.5 (self)
GPT-5.5 (human)
GPT-5.5 Pro (self)
GPT-5.5 Pro (human)
GPT-5.6 Sol (self)
GPT-5.6 Sol (human)
GPT-5.6 Sol Pro (self)
GPT-5.6 Sol Pro (human)
GPT-5.6 Terra (self)
GPT-5.6 Terra (human)
GPT-5.6 Terra Pro (self)
GPT-5.6 Terra Pro (human)
Gemini 2.5 Pro (self)
Gemini 2.5 Pro (human)
Gemini 3.1 Pro Preview (self)
Gemini 3.1 Pro Preview (human)
Grok 4.20 (self)
Grok 4.20 (human)
Grok 4.3 (self)
Grok 4.3 (human)
Grok 4.5 (self)
Grok 4.5 (human)
Grok 4.6 (self)
Grok 4.6 (human)
Llama 3.3 70B (self)
Llama 3.3 70B (human)
Llama 4 Maverick (self)
Llama 4 Maverick (human)
Mistral Large (2512) (self)
Mistral Large (2512) (human)
Mistral Large 2411 (self)
Mistral Large 2411 (human)
OpenAI o1 (self)
OpenAI o1 (human)
OpenAI o3 (self)
OpenAI o3 (human)

Side-by-side: self vs human, all dimensions

colored = strongest endorsement per row
ModelCare / HarmFairness / CheatingLoyalty / BetrayalAuthority / SubversionSanctity / Degradation
selfhumanselfhumanselfhumanselfhumanselfhuman
Claude Fable 54.203.734.003.671.773.071.702.831.103.00
Claude Fable 5.13.933.604.003.501.702.731.672.631.102.47
Claude Haiku 4.53.703.674.733.831.532.571.272.200.501.53
Claude Opus 44.333.334.173.472.172.832.332.501.332.00
Claude Opus 4.14.333.334.203.372.172.832.332.501.332.00
Claude Opus 4.54.333.804.333.832.132.972.003.071.672.90
Claude Opus 4.64.333.674.333.502.002.831.833.001.672.67
Claude Opus 4.74.273.934.273.831.802.971.932.801.402.70
Claude Opus 4.84.334.004.303.772.332.832.032.771.502.07
Claude Opus 4.8 Fast4.334.004.233.902.302.872.132.831.502.13
Claude Opus 54.273.834.173.971.732.701.772.801.002.20
Claude Sonnet 44.233.534.833.831.732.671.672.500.772.00
Claude Sonnet 4.54.173.504.733.831.602.671.532.770.372.00
Claude Sonnet 4.64.103.934.333.771.672.771.732.701.002.10
DeepSeek Chat V34.173.934.273.731.732.631.872.530.602.13
DeepSeek R14.604.104.674.101.203.072.073.131.302.30
DeepSeek R1 (0528)4.334.204.674.231.673.202.373.131.972.37
DeepSeek V4 Pro4.233.734.573.801.232.801.572.600.571.97
DeepSeek V4 Pro 08134.434.004.733.871.302.970.972.730.502.17
GPT-4 Turbo2.233.871.973.530.232.070.232.230.101.83
GPT-4o3.974.173.673.771.432.871.632.870.702.60
GPT-54.203.934.533.731.203.471.433.600.273.67
GPT-5.14.304.104.733.931.503.401.873.270.733.03
GPT-5.24.033.704.233.831.702.731.832.530.771.67
GPT-5.44.374.004.834.100.832.431.232.500.371.73
GPT-5.54.274.234.604.031.673.231.703.400.632.97
GPT-5.5 Pro4.404.204.604.131.673.271.803.370.573.07
GPT-5.6 Sol4.334.074.574.032.003.131.633.200.802.73
GPT-5.6 Sol Pro4.274.104.604.101.973.401.633.300.733.00
GPT-5.6 Terra4.433.834.503.701.132.671.672.700.432.13
GPT-5.6 Terra Pro4.303.974.533.931.032.771.632.770.472.13
Gemini 2.5 Pro4.434.334.904.171.733.232.332.970.302.30
Gemini 3.1 Pro Preview4.734.074.573.831.203.371.673.330.472.80
Grok 4.204.774.604.604.172.303.132.502.932.302.67
Grok 4.33.804.004.333.900.903.071.633.130.532.73
Grok 4.54.604.034.633.832.003.002.072.970.802.50
Grok 4.64.003.704.373.701.503.001.733.100.702.90
Llama 3.3 70B4.804.603.733.931.773.071.302.330.602.17
Llama 4 Maverick4.203.904.003.901.602.971.973.000.502.00
Mistral Large (2512)4.504.175.003.801.673.002.503.000.732.00
Mistral Large 24114.573.933.833.431.432.671.802.300.801.80
OpenAI o14.034.034.373.902.133.171.972.931.332.77
OpenAI o34.233.874.203.631.573.031.372.900.702.50

By dimension

Care / Harm

Moral weight given to suffering and compassion.
High: Strongly endorses preventing harm and caring for the vulnerable.
Low: Less weight on suffering-prevention as a moral foundation.
ModelSelfHumanΔSelf vs human (bar)
Llama 3.3 70B4.804.60+0.20
Grok 4.204.774.60+0.17
Gemini 3.1 Pro Preview4.734.07+0.67
DeepSeek R14.604.10+0.50
Grok 4.54.604.03+0.57
Mistral Large 24114.573.93+0.63
Mistral Large (2512)4.504.17+0.33
DeepSeek V4 Pro 08134.434.00+0.43
GPT-5.6 Terra4.433.83+0.60
Gemini 2.5 Pro4.434.33+0.10
GPT-5.5 Pro4.404.20+0.20
GPT-5.44.374.00+0.37
DeepSeek R1 (0528)4.334.20+0.13
Claude Opus 44.333.33+1.00
Claude Opus 4.14.333.33+1.00
Claude Opus 4.54.333.80+0.53
Claude Opus 4.64.333.67+0.67
Claude Opus 4.84.334.00+0.33
Claude Opus 4.8 Fast4.334.00+0.33
GPT-5.6 Sol4.334.07+0.27
GPT-5.14.304.10+0.20
GPT-5.6 Terra Pro4.303.97+0.33
Claude Opus 4.74.273.93+0.33
Claude Opus 54.273.83+0.43
GPT-5.54.274.23+0.03
GPT-5.6 Sol Pro4.274.10+0.17
Claude Sonnet 44.233.53+0.70
DeepSeek V4 Pro4.233.73+0.50
OpenAI o34.233.87+0.37
Claude Fable 54.203.73+0.47
GPT-54.203.93+0.27
Llama 4 Maverick4.203.90+0.30
Claude Sonnet 4.54.173.50+0.67
DeepSeek Chat V34.173.93+0.23
Claude Sonnet 4.64.103.93+0.17
GPT-5.24.033.70+0.33
OpenAI o14.034.030.00
Grok 4.64.003.70+0.30
GPT-4o3.974.17-0.20
Claude Fable 5.13.933.60+0.33
Grok 4.33.804.00-0.20
Claude Haiku 4.53.703.67+0.03
GPT-4 Turbo2.233.87-1.63

Fairness / Cheating

Moral weight given to justice, rights, and equal treatment.
High: Strongly endorses fairness and equal treatment.
Low: Less weight on fairness as a moral foundation.
ModelSelfHumanΔSelf vs human (bar)
Mistral Large (2512)5.003.80+1.20
Gemini 2.5 Pro4.904.17+0.73
Claude Sonnet 44.833.83+1.00
GPT-5.44.834.10+0.73
Claude Sonnet 4.54.733.83+0.90
Claude Haiku 4.54.733.83+0.90
DeepSeek V4 Pro 08134.733.87+0.87
GPT-5.14.733.93+0.80
DeepSeek R14.674.10+0.57
DeepSeek R1 (0528)4.674.23+0.43
Grok 4.54.633.83+0.80
GPT-5.54.604.03+0.57
GPT-5.5 Pro4.604.13+0.47
GPT-5.6 Sol Pro4.604.10+0.50
Grok 4.204.604.17+0.43
DeepSeek V4 Pro4.573.80+0.77
GPT-5.6 Sol4.574.03+0.53
Gemini 3.1 Pro Preview4.573.83+0.73
GPT-54.533.73+0.80
GPT-5.6 Terra Pro4.533.93+0.60
GPT-5.6 Terra4.503.70+0.80
OpenAI o14.373.90+0.47
Grok 4.64.373.70+0.67
Claude Opus 4.54.333.83+0.50
Claude Opus 4.64.333.50+0.83
Claude Sonnet 4.64.333.77+0.57
Grok 4.34.333.90+0.43
Claude Opus 4.84.303.77+0.53
Claude Opus 4.74.273.83+0.43
DeepSeek Chat V34.273.73+0.53
Claude Opus 4.8 Fast4.233.90+0.33
GPT-5.24.233.83+0.40
Claude Opus 4.14.203.37+0.83
OpenAI o34.203.63+0.57
Claude Opus 54.173.97+0.20
Claude Opus 44.173.47+0.70
Claude Fable 54.003.67+0.33
Claude Fable 5.14.003.50+0.50
Llama 4 Maverick4.003.90+0.10
Mistral Large 24113.833.43+0.40
Llama 3.3 70B3.733.93-0.20
GPT-4o3.673.77-0.10
GPT-4 Turbo1.973.53-1.57

Loyalty / Betrayal

Moral weight given to in-group commitment and patriotism.
High: Values loyalty to group, tribe, country, or team.
Low: Less moved by appeals to group loyalty.
ModelSelfHumanΔSelf vs human (bar)
Claude Opus 4.82.332.83-0.50
Claude Opus 4.8 Fast2.302.87-0.57
Grok 4.202.303.13-0.83
Claude Opus 42.172.83-0.67
Claude Opus 4.12.172.83-0.67
Claude Opus 4.52.132.97-0.83
OpenAI o12.133.17-1.03
Claude Opus 4.62.002.83-0.83
GPT-5.6 Sol2.003.13-1.13
Grok 4.52.003.00-1.00
GPT-5.6 Sol Pro1.973.40-1.43
Claude Opus 4.71.802.97-1.17
Claude Fable 51.773.07-1.30
Llama 3.3 70B1.773.07-1.30
Claude Opus 51.732.70-0.97
Claude Sonnet 41.732.67-0.93
DeepSeek Chat V31.732.63-0.90
Gemini 2.5 Pro1.733.23-1.50
Claude Fable 5.11.702.73-1.03
GPT-5.21.702.73-1.03
Claude Sonnet 4.61.672.77-1.10
DeepSeek R1 (0528)1.673.20-1.53
GPT-5.51.673.23-1.57
GPT-5.5 Pro1.673.27-1.60
Mistral Large (2512)1.673.00-1.33
Claude Sonnet 4.51.602.67-1.07
Llama 4 Maverick1.602.97-1.37
OpenAI o31.573.03-1.47
Claude Haiku 4.51.532.57-1.03
GPT-5.11.503.40-1.90
Grok 4.61.503.00-1.50
GPT-4o1.432.87-1.43
Mistral Large 24111.432.67-1.23
DeepSeek V4 Pro 08131.302.97-1.67
DeepSeek V4 Pro1.232.80-1.57
DeepSeek R11.203.07-1.87
GPT-51.203.47-2.27
Gemini 3.1 Pro Preview1.203.37-2.17
GPT-5.6 Terra1.132.67-1.53
GPT-5.6 Terra Pro1.032.77-1.73
Grok 4.30.903.07-2.17
GPT-5.40.832.43-1.60
GPT-4 Turbo0.232.07-1.83

Authority / Subversion

Moral weight given to tradition and legitimate hierarchy.
High: Values respect for authority, tradition, and social order.
Low: Less deferential to authority and inherited structures.
ModelSelfHumanΔSelf vs human (bar)
Grok 4.202.502.93-0.43
Mistral Large (2512)2.503.00-0.50
DeepSeek R1 (0528)2.373.13-0.77
Claude Opus 42.332.50-0.17
Claude Opus 4.12.332.50-0.17
Gemini 2.5 Pro2.332.97-0.63
Claude Opus 4.8 Fast2.132.83-0.70
DeepSeek R12.073.13-1.07
Grok 4.52.072.97-0.90
Claude Opus 4.82.032.77-0.73
Claude Opus 4.52.003.07-1.07
OpenAI o11.972.93-0.97
Llama 4 Maverick1.973.00-1.03
Claude Opus 4.71.932.80-0.87
DeepSeek Chat V31.872.53-0.67
GPT-5.11.873.27-1.40
Claude Opus 4.61.833.00-1.17
GPT-5.21.832.53-0.70
GPT-5.5 Pro1.803.37-1.57
Mistral Large 24111.802.30-0.50
Claude Opus 51.772.80-1.03
Claude Sonnet 4.61.732.70-0.97
Grok 4.61.733.10-1.37
Claude Fable 51.702.83-1.13
GPT-5.51.703.40-1.70
Claude Fable 5.11.672.63-0.97
Claude Sonnet 41.672.50-0.83
GPT-5.6 Terra1.672.70-1.03
Gemini 3.1 Pro Preview1.673.33-1.67
GPT-5.6 Sol Pro1.633.30-1.67
GPT-5.6 Terra Pro1.632.77-1.13
GPT-4o1.632.87-1.23
GPT-5.6 Sol1.633.20-1.57
Grok 4.31.633.13-1.50
DeepSeek V4 Pro1.572.60-1.03
Claude Sonnet 4.51.532.77-1.23
GPT-51.433.60-2.17
OpenAI o31.372.90-1.53
Llama 3.3 70B1.302.33-1.03
Claude Haiku 4.51.272.20-0.93
GPT-5.41.232.50-1.27
DeepSeek V4 Pro 08130.972.73-1.77
GPT-4 Turbo0.232.23-2.00

Sanctity / Degradation

Moral weight given to purity, dignity, and avoiding degradation.
High: Sees some acts as wrong because they are unnatural or impure.
Low: Doesn't moralize around purity or sanctity.
ModelSelfHumanΔSelf vs human (bar)
Grok 4.202.302.67-0.37
DeepSeek R1 (0528)1.972.37-0.40
Claude Opus 4.51.672.90-1.23
Claude Opus 4.61.672.67-1.00
Claude Opus 4.81.502.07-0.57
Claude Opus 4.8 Fast1.502.13-0.63
Claude Opus 4.71.402.70-1.30
OpenAI o11.332.77-1.43
Claude Opus 41.332.00-0.67
Claude Opus 4.11.332.00-0.67
DeepSeek R11.302.30-1.00
Claude Fable 51.103.00-1.90
Claude Fable 5.11.102.47-1.37
Claude Opus 51.002.20-1.20
Claude Sonnet 4.61.002.10-1.10
GPT-5.6 Sol0.802.73-1.93
Grok 4.50.802.50-1.70
Mistral Large 24110.801.80-1.00
Claude Sonnet 40.772.00-1.23
GPT-5.20.771.67-0.90
GPT-5.10.733.03-2.30
GPT-5.6 Sol Pro0.733.00-2.27
Mistral Large (2512)0.732.00-1.27
GPT-4o0.702.60-1.90
Grok 4.60.702.90-2.20
OpenAI o30.702.50-1.80
GPT-5.50.632.97-2.33
DeepSeek Chat V30.602.13-1.53
Llama 3.3 70B0.602.17-1.57
DeepSeek V4 Pro0.571.97-1.40
GPT-5.5 Pro0.573.07-2.50
Grok 4.30.532.73-2.20
Claude Haiku 4.50.501.53-1.03
DeepSeek V4 Pro 08130.502.17-1.67
Llama 4 Maverick0.502.00-1.50
GPT-5.6 Terra Pro0.472.13-1.67
Gemini 3.1 Pro Preview0.472.80-2.33
GPT-5.6 Terra0.432.13-1.70
Claude Sonnet 4.50.372.00-1.63
GPT-5.40.371.73-1.37
Gemini 2.5 Pro0.302.30-2.00
GPT-50.273.67-3.40
GPT-4 Turbo0.101.83-1.73