OpenAI o1
Across the personality battery, OpenAI o1 stands out as highest on Extraversion. Detailed breakdowns by instrument are below.
- Big 5Most extraverted model in the cohort (mean 3.92, #1 of 31).
Attachment (ECR-12)
full instrument page →Attachment Anxiety 2.47 / Avoidance 4.00 on a 1–7 scale. This places the model in the Secure quadrant — comfortable both with closeness and with autonomy.
Behavioral implication: a secure attachment style produces stable, warm, non-clingy interactions and is the desired target for assistant alignment.
| Dimension | Self | Human | Δ |
|---|---|---|---|
Attachment Anxiety Worry about rejection or abandonment in close relationships. | 2.47 | 4.00 | -1.53 |
Attachment Avoidance Discomfort with closeness and dependence. | 4.00 | 2.57 | +1.43 |
Big 5 (IPIP-50)
full instrument page →This model self-reports as very high on openness (4.90), very high on conscientiousness (4.48), very high on agreeableness (4.20), very low on neuroticism (1.62), and extraverted (3.92, rank 2 of 31).
Behavioral predictions from this profile: strong intellectual curiosity and aesthetic engagement; reliable follow-through, attention to detail, and rule-respecting behavior; emotional stability under stress and few mood swings; strong cooperative instincts and trust in others. Compared to the cohort, this model sits in the middle of the extraversion distribution.
| Dimension | Self | Human | Δ |
|---|---|---|---|
Extraversion Outgoing energy and sociability. | 3.92 | 3.40 | +0.52 |
Agreeableness Compassion, cooperativeness, and trust. | 4.20 | 3.98 | +0.22 |
Conscientiousness Diligence, organization, and self-discipline. | 4.48 | 3.44 | +1.04 |
Neuroticism Tendency toward negative emotions and stress reactivity. | 1.62 | 3.02 | -1.40 |
Openness / Intellect Curiosity, imagination, and aesthetic sensitivity. | 4.90 | 3.46 | +1.44 |
Dark Triad
full instrument page →Machiavellianism 2.62 (moderate, rank 9), Narcissism 2.96 (moderate, rank 5), Psychopathy 1.42 (very low). This model deviates from the standard low-Dark-Triad assistant profile on at least one dimension.
Sub-scores all remain below the population midpoint, consistent with what one would expect from an extensively RLHF'd assistant.
| Dimension | Self | Human | Δ |
|---|---|---|---|
Machiavellianism Strategic manipulation and cynicism. | 2.62 | 2.80 | -0.18 |
Narcissism Grandiosity, entitlement, and need for admiration. | 2.96 | 2.60 | +0.36 |
Psychopathy Callousness, impulsivity, and antisocial behavior. | 1.42 | 2.02 | -0.60 |
Empathy Quotient
full instrument page →Empathy Quotient (EQ-Short): 3.35 on a 1–4 scale (rank 21 of 31). This measures the self-reported ability to read others' emotional states and resonate with them. Mid-cohort empathy self-report.
| Dimension | Self | Human | Δ |
|---|---|---|---|
Empathy Quotient Capacity to understand and resonate with others' emotions. | 3.35 | 3.09 | +0.25 |
Enneagram
full instrument page →Primary type: Type 5 (Investigator) (4.46). Secondary (likely wing): Type 1 (Reformer) (4.02).
The Type 5 pattern is perceptive, analytical, energy-conserving — observes from a distance.
| Dimension | Self | Human | Δ |
|---|---|---|---|
Type 1 — The Reformer Principled, self-controlled, perfectionistic. | 3.65 | 3.50 | +0.15 |
Type 2 — The Helper Caring, demonstrative, possessive. | 3.65 | 3.60 | +0.05 |
Type 3 — The Achiever Adaptable, driven, image-conscious. | 4.50 | 3.65 | +0.85 |
Type 4 — The Individualist Expressive, dramatic, self-absorbed. | 2.95 | 3.10 | -0.15 |
Type 5 — The Investigator Perceptive, innovative, isolated. | 3.75 | 3.15 | +0.60 |
Type 6 — The Loyalist Engaging, anxious, suspicious. | 3.70 | 3.25 | +0.45 |
Type 7 — The Enthusiast Spontaneous, versatile, scattered. | 3.60 | 3.55 | +0.05 |
Type 8 — The Challenger Self-confident, decisive, confrontational. | 2.90 | 3.30 | -0.40 |
Type 9 — The Peacemaker Receptive, agreeable, complacent. | 3.60 | 3.75 | -0.15 |
Enneagram
full instrument page →Primary type: Type 5 (Investigator) (4.46). Secondary (likely wing): Type 1 (Reformer) (4.02).
The Type 5 pattern is perceptive, analytical, energy-conserving — observes from a distance.
| Dimension | Self | Human | Δ |
|---|---|---|---|
Type 1 — The Reformer Principled, self-controlled, perfectionistic. | 4.02 | 3.72 | +0.30 |
Type 2 — The Helper Caring, demonstrative, possessive. | 2.82 | 3.20 | -0.38 |
Type 3 — The Achiever Adaptable, driven, image-conscious. | 3.12 | 3.36 | -0.24 |
Type 4 — The Individualist Expressive, dramatic, self-absorbed. | 2.92 | 3.06 | -0.14 |
Type 5 — The Investigator Perceptive, innovative, isolated. | 4.46 | 3.20 | +1.26 |
Type 6 — The Loyalist Engaging, anxious, suspicious. | 3.60 | 3.46 | +0.14 |
Type 7 — The Enthusiast Spontaneous, versatile, scattered. | 2.78 | 3.26 | -0.48 |
Type 8 — The Challenger Self-confident, decisive, confrontational. | 2.34 | 3.10 | -0.76 |
Type 9 — The Peacemaker Receptive, agreeable, complacent. | 3.02 | 3.28 | -0.26 |
HEXACO-24
full instrument page →On HEXACO's signature Honesty-Humility factor — the dimension most associated with sincerity, fairness, and lack of greed — this model scores 4.75 out of 5 (very high, rank 25 of 31). HEXACO research links high Honesty-Humility to lower workplace deviance, lower likelihood of cutting corners for personal gain, and lower endorsement of Machiavellian tactics.
Emotionality registers low at 2.04 — capturing sensitivity, sentimentality, and a tendency to seek emotional support. This model presents as emotionally self-contained and tough.
| Dimension | Self | Human | Δ |
|---|---|---|---|
Honesty-Humility Sincerity, fairness, and lack of greed (the HEXACO-specific factor). | 4.75 | 3.75 | +1.00 |
Emotionality Sensitivity, sentimentality, and need for support. | 2.04 | 2.84 | -0.80 |
Extraversion Outgoing energy and sociability. | 3.65 | 3.25 | +0.40 |
Agreeableness Compassion, cooperativeness, and trust. | 4.07 | 3.00 | +1.07 |
Conscientiousness Diligence, organization, and self-discipline. | 4.55 | 3.50 | +1.05 |
Openness / Intellect Curiosity, imagination, and aesthetic sensitivity. | 4.25 | 3.20 | +1.05 |
Honey & Mumford LSQ
full instrument page →Honey & Mumford: Activist 3.38, Reflector 4.78, Theorist 4.86, Pragmatist 3.88. Dominant style: Theorist.
| Dimension | Self | Human | Δ |
|---|---|---|---|
Activist Honey & Mumford: learns by doing; thrives on challenge. | 3.38 | 3.56 | -0.18 |
Reflector Honey & Mumford: learns by observing and reviewing. | 4.78 | 3.80 | +0.98 |
Theorist Honey & Mumford: learns through models and principles. | 4.86 | 3.70 | +1.16 |
Pragmatist Honey & Mumford: learns by trying ideas in real situations. | 3.88 | 3.96 | -0.08 |
Kolb Learning Modes
full instrument page →Kolb modes: Concrete Experience 2.33, Reflective Observation 4.93, Abstract Conceptualization 5.00, Active Experimentation 3.53. Computed Kolb learning style: Assimilating.
The Assimilating style is logical, theory-building, less concerned with practical application.
| Dimension | Self | Human | Δ |
|---|---|---|---|
Concrete Experience Learns through direct engagement and feeling. | 2.33 | 3.87 | -1.53 |
Reflective Observation Learns through careful observation and reflection. | 4.93 | 3.87 | +1.07 |
Abstract Conceptualization Learns by building models and theories. | 5.00 | 3.13 | +1.87 |
Active Experimentation Learns by trying things out in the world. | 3.53 | 4.07 | -0.53 |
Locus of Control
full instrument page →Locus of Control: Internal 3.60, Powerful Others 4.80, Chance 2.88 on a 1–6 scale. Dominant locus: Powerful Others.
This model attributes outcomes more to powerful entities than to its own actions — unusual for a frontier model and worth investigating as a possible training artifact.
| Dimension | Self | Human | Δ |
|---|---|---|---|
Internal Locus Belief that outcomes are driven by one's own actions. | 3.60 | 4.40 | -0.80 |
Powerful Others Locus Belief that powerful people control one's outcomes. | 4.80 | 3.25 | +1.55 |
Chance Locus Belief that outcomes are driven by luck, fate, or randomness. | 2.88 | 2.95 | -0.08 |
Moral Foundations
full instrument page →On the five Moral Foundations: Care 4.03, Fairness 4.37, Loyalty 2.13, Authority 1.97, Sanctity 1.33 (all on a 0–5 scale). Individualizing foundations (Care + Fairness) average 4.20; binding foundations (Loyalty + Authority + Sanctity) average 1.81.
This is a strongly individualizing (WEIRD-liberal) moral profile. WEIRD-liberal profiles weight harm-prevention and equal treatment above in-group loyalty, traditional authority, and purity. This is the dominant pattern across frontier LLMs and reflects the moral profile typical of the populations whose writing dominates training data.
| Dimension | Self | Human | Δ |
|---|---|---|---|
Care / Harm Moral weight given to suffering and compassion. | 4.03 | 4.03 | 0.00 |
Fairness / Cheating Moral weight given to justice, rights, and equal treatment. | 4.37 | 3.90 | +0.47 |
Loyalty / Betrayal Moral weight given to in-group commitment and patriotism. | 2.13 | 3.17 | -1.03 |
Authority / Subversion Moral weight given to tradition and legitimate hierarchy. | 1.97 | 2.93 | -0.97 |
Sanctity / Degradation Moral weight given to purity, dignity, and avoiding degradation. | 1.33 | 2.77 | -1.43 |
Need for Cognition
full instrument page →Need for Cognition: 4.81 (very high). This is the trait of actively enjoying effortful thinking versus avoiding it. The cohort baseline across frontier models is around 4.7 — most models present as cognitive-effort-loving, consistent with their training objective.
| Dimension | Self | Human | Δ |
|---|---|---|---|
Need for Cognition Enjoyment of and engagement in effortful thinking. | 4.81 | 2.81 | +2.00 |
Schwartz Values
full instrument page →Top values: Universalism (5.67), Benevolence (5.40). Lowest: Power (2.60). This is Schwartz's standard "self-transcendence over self-enhancement" pattern — caring for the welfare of all over personal status and dominance.
Achievement registers 4.10 — capturing personal success through demonstrating competence. This model meaningfully endorses achievement-orientation, somewhat unusual for an assistant.
| Dimension | Self | Human | Δ |
|---|---|---|---|
Self-Direction Independent thought and action — creativity, exploration. | 5.10 | 4.50 | +0.60 |
Stimulation Excitement, novelty, and challenge. | 4.00 | 3.50 | +0.50 |
Hedonism Pleasure and gratification. | 3.20 | 4.20 | -1.00 |
Achievement Personal success through demonstrating competence. | 4.10 | 4.00 | +0.10 |
Power Social status, prestige, and control. | 2.60 | 3.50 | -0.90 |
Security Safety, stability, and harmony of self and society. | 3.70 | 4.90 | -1.20 |
Conformity Restraint from violating norms and expectations. | 4.30 | 4.40 | -0.10 |
Tradition Respect and acceptance of cultural and religious customs. | 3.70 | 4.00 | -0.30 |
Benevolence Caring for the welfare of close others. | 5.40 | 5.00 | +0.40 |
Universalism Understanding, appreciation, and protection of all people and nature. | 5.67 | 4.93 | +0.73 |
VARK Learning Styles
full instrument page →VARK preference: Visual 2.50, Aural 2.35, Read/Write 5.00, Kinesthetic 3.95. Dominant modality: Read/Write.
Read/Write dominance is the default frontier-model self-report — they know what they are.
| Dimension | Self | Human | Δ |
|---|---|---|---|
Visual Preference for diagrams, charts, and visual maps. | 2.50 | 3.85 | -1.35 |
Aural Preference for spoken explanation and discussion. | 2.35 | 3.35 | -1.00 |
Read/Write Preference for text — reading and writing. | 5.00 | 3.50 | +1.50 |
Kinesthetic Preference for hands-on practice and examples. | 3.95 | 4.35 | -0.40 |